Sono-Optogenetics: a method for non-invasive optogenetics via nanoscale light sources

The Hong Neurotechnology Lab at Stanford University developed ultrasound-activated nanoscopic light emitters (mechanoluminescent nanoparticles) that are delivered via the blood stream, unlike conventional optogenetics approaches that require invasive fiber optic implants. After injection of nanoparticles into the bloodstream, photoexcitation light penetrating into the superficial blood vessels charges the nanoparticles circulating in the blood, and focused ultrasound activates the nanoparticles for light mission. The nanoparticles can be repeatedly charged and discharged with minimal to no loss of luminescence intensity and provide the least invasive technique for optogenetic neuromodulation and any other approaches that require the delivery of light in deep tissues, such as photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and photovoltaic powering.

FUS triggered emission of 470-nm light sonoluminogens in an artificial circulatory system.

Stage of Development – Proof of Concept (in vivo)
Hong and his team demonstrated unilateral limb activation via sono-optogenetic stimulation in mice using the mechanoluminescent nanoparticles with non-invasive, brain penetrant focused ultrasound (FUS) through intact scalp and skull. There was negligible intracranial heating, and no noticeable tissue damage nor pathological lesion in organs of mice injected with mechanoluminescent nanoparticles, suggesting good biocompatibility.

FUS triggered emission of 470-nm light in an artificial circulatory system..