An ultra-high areal loading MnO2 electrode

Stanford researchers within the Cui Lab have discovered a promising practical application for grid-scale energy storage by solving poor electronic conductivity in Mn based aqueous batteries, resulting in cycling with an ultrahigh areal loading of 20 mAh cm-2 for over 200 cycles with only 13% capacity loss.

Poor electronic conductivity of electro-deposited MnO₂ is a key critical problem that limits the maximum specific areal loading, producing only a thin layer of MnO₂ with low areal loading (around 0.005~0.05 mAh cm-2) during the charge/discharge cycle. Stanford researchers discovered, by tuning the temperature, the deposited phase of MnO₂ can be manipulated from -?-MnO₂ with low conductivity to ?-MnO₂ with 2 orders of magnitude increase in conductivity.

Stage of Development