The Hong Neurotechnology Lab at Stanford University developed ultrasound-activated nanoscopic light emitters (mechanoluminescent nanoparticles) that are delivered via the blood stream, unlike conventional optogenetics approaches that require invasive fiber optic implants.
Hydrogel-based tissue engineering scaffolds are widely used for culturing cells in three dimensions (3D) due to their tissue-like water content, tunable biochemical and physical properties, and ease of cell encapsulation and distribution in 3D.