Lithium batteries have revolutionized electronics from medical devices to consumer electronics and even automobiles. Batteries consist of three major components: anode, cathode, and electrolyte. In the case of liquid electrolyte, a fourth component known as a separator is required. Lithium batteries can be disposable primary cells (lithium-metal) or rechargeable secondary cells (lithium-ion) and contain liquid electrolyte or be entirely solid-state. Included in this collection are Stanford technologies related to different versions of lithium batteries.